Creating a Backyard Bird Sanctuary

Is there any sound better than the chirping of birds? No matter the species, this intriguing sound is resoundingly peaceful. From the nostalgic coos of Mourning Doves to the quirky chatter of a Blue Jay, the presence of backyard birds is a familiar comfort for all. In the winter, nothing tops the flash of red as a dashing Cardinal makes its way across the snow.

Why We Want Them Around

If you love birds as much as we do, you are probably looking to bring many more to your property. You don’t need to have acres of land or a degree in ornithology to attract these feathery friends, but rather you simply need to provide them with the basics that form a home: shelter, food, and safety. While there are thousands of creative ways to increase the local bird population, bells and whistles are entirely optional.

Birds aren’t just cute and fun to watch (we’re looking at you, Carolina Wrens!), they also fulfill several critical roles in a local ecosystem. They increase natural plant populations through seed dispersal, and many also control insect populations as natural predators to bugs. Some birds have ‘specialties’, such as Hummingbirds who specifically contribute to pollination by feeding on the nectar of flowers and facilitating cross-fertilization. Woodpeckers fulfill a special niche as they form nesting cavities in trees for other birds or mammals.

Native Plants for Native Birds

To begin attracting birds to your yard, it is important to set a strong foundation with plants that are a preferred choice for food (berries, nuts, seeds, and nectar) and nesting materials (leaves and twigs). While there are tons of beautiful ornamental plants on the market, it is always best to shop for native plants that will automatically support local wildlife. In short, plant native plants to attract native birds.

Since different birds have different needs, it makes sense to create a yard that offers something for everyone. Instead of planting just one type of plant, try layering your garden with a mix of natives, starting with trees, then adding shrubs, flowers, and groundcovers. This way, you’re building a habitat that can support all kinds of birds, from those that nest high in the trees to ones that forage on the ground.

· Trees: Trees do a lot of favors for birds. Large-canopied trees such as oaks provide natural shelter, as these sprawling branches covered with gently swaying leaves are an ideal location for birds to make their nest. Even better yet, planting trees that provide both shelter and preferred food will ensure birds make a permanent home. Flowering Dogwood trees are a spectacular choice having flowers, berries, and a cozy canopy to nest in.

· Shrubs: Shrubs have a lot of potential for attracting birds and making them want to stick around. Focus on berry-producing shrubs, such as Elderberry. This beautiful native attracts birds all season long, from flowers in the spring, berries in the fall, and dense branches all season long.

· Flowers: You really cannot go wrong with any native flowers, but to narrow it down a bit, focus on plants that are designated as pollinator friendly. The nectar-rich blooms of these plants will naturally draw hummingbirds to a yard, and bright colors attract every other type of bird. Native caterpillars, a crucial food source for birds, will naturally host native flowers. Many native flowers, such as Black-Eyed Susan, will push out seeds that birds find simply delectable.

· Groundcovers: Groundcovers are often overlooked as part of a bird-friendly landscape, but they are absolutely relied upon for many reasons. For insect-eating birds, like Sparrows, groundcovers provide a safe, food-filled place to forage. Additionally, baby birds will use the low, safe protection of groundcovers as they learn to fly. Leaves and stems are also frequented by nesting birds, further supporting a rich ecosystem. Many groundcovers also push out blooms & berries, making them an even more well-rounded choice.

Beyond the Plants: Thoughtful Additions Birds Love

Layered, thoughtful planting of natives is the best way to ensure your yard will become a favorite of local birds, but there are some more things to do if you are eager for those finishing touches.

· Provide Supplemental Food: While berries, nuts, seeds, and nectar from plants are more than capable of nourishing the birds, more is always better. Providing an extra, consistent food source for birds will not only communicate to them that this is a safe place, but also that they can keep coming back for more. Bird feeders are the best way to do this, and there are hundreds of types on the market – but don’t get overwhelmed - the best bird feeder is any that can hold seeds safely! Choose a feeder that provides ample access to the food, and protection from any predators. You can also experiment with different seed or nut types depending on what kind of birds you want to attract. For instance, Blue Jays go crazy for peanuts.

· Add Some Safe Shelter: Birds will find their way between tree branches and put a nice nest together for themselves, but it is also great to add bird houses to make the process a little easier. This is particularly helpful for more vulnerable birds, like Bluebirds.

· Add a Water Source: In the hot summer months, and especially during dry spells, birds are at risk of dehydration just like us. Providing a consistently available, fresh water source will provide a much-needed respite for thirsty birds. Bird baths, rain gardens, or just shallow pales of water are all that’s needed. Be sure to change the water frequently for the health of the birds. With a few thoughtful touches, your backyard will quickly come to life. You will see the birds moving in, as they feel at home, come back often, and fill your days with color, life, and song.